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(1). A previous problem indicated how catalysts accelerate the rate of chemical reactions. The following strings represent the other three primary influencers of the rate of chemical reactions. Describe them.
(a) S2P2A21; S2P2A22.
(b) (S7P1A15)solute/(S7P1A14)solution.
(c) (S7P4A41)K.E.
2. Consider the following chemical equation:
aA + bB <-------> cC + dD ----(eq 1)
The reactants are A and B and the products are C and D for a given temperature. The coefficients a, b, c and d balance the equation.
(a) Describe all primary strings implicit in (eq 1).
(b) Write the equilibrium expression for (eq 1) and its string representations.
The strings:
(a) S2P2A21; S2P2A22.
(b) (S7P1A15)solute/(S7P1A14)solution.
(c) (S7P4A41)K.E.
2(a) S7P6A66 (chemical process), S7P5A52 (chemical change) and S7P7A72 (dynamic equilibrium).
The math:
Several strings play important roles in the composition of matter. The bonding force represented by S7P3A31 is central to the composition of matter. Other important strings are as follows:
1(a). The strings S2P2A21 and S2P2A22 represent the physical properties and chemical properties (identity) of the reactants. The identities of the reactants of a chemical reaction play an important role in the determination of the magnitude of the reaction's activation energy.
(b) The string ratio (S7P1A15)solute/(S7P1A14)solution represents the concentration of each of the reactants. There are several formal words used to indicate concentration. Two commonly used words are Molarity (M) and Molality (m). Molarity expresses concentration in (moles of solute)/(Liter of solution). Where moles of solute = (mass of solute)/(molecular weight of solute). Molality expresses concentration in (moles of solute)/(kilogram of solvent). Molality is in essence a mass/mass ratio that is independent of temperature changes and as a result a more desired form of expressing concentration in chemical scenarios where constancy of reactants' concentration is desired.
Chemical reactions are faster when the concentrations of the reactants are increased. According to Collision Theory, more mlecules in a given volume results in more collisions which increase the rate of a chemical reaction.
(c)The string (S7P4A41)K.E represents kinetic energy explicitly and temperature implicitly. Kinectic Energy is energy due to motion and temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles composing a substance. Chemical reactions are faster when the temperature is increased. Increase in temperature increases kinetic energy and consequently, molecular speeds of reactants. Increased speed causes the average energy of a collision to increase . As a result, average energy of collisions is more likely to exceed activation energy.
2(a) All strings in problem 1 are implicit in (eq 1). Additionally, the following strings are also implicit in (eq 1): S7P6A66 (chemical process), S7P5A52 (chemical change) and S7P7A72 (dynamic equilibrium).
(b) K = {[C]c[D]d}/{[A]a[B]b}.
The point . is a mathematical abstraction. It has negligible size and a great sense of position. Consequently, it is front and center in abstract existential reasoning.
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