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Painting

One of the ways humans derive benefits from the earth is to dig it. They dig earth to sow; they dig it to build; they dig it to mine; they dig it to hide valuables and they dig it to bury their loved ones.
(a) The illustrated bulldozer is engaged in simple digging. Highlight its digging.
(b) Indicate the PjProblem Strings for the highlights. Thus establish the PjProblemStrings Sequences for the digging.
Other livings things are also diggers: some rodents dig to hibernate (e.g. the groundhog); bears dig to find food; dogs dig when hot in search of cool space; squirrels dig to hide their food and trees dig in search of water and nutrients.
(c) How does the digging of a tree differ from the digging of the illustrated bulldozer.
(d) Do you agree that walking on sand is digging? If you do, differentiate the digging that results from walking on sand from the digging of the illustrated bulldozer.
(e) Suggest two prerequisites one would need inorder to formulate a mathematical model for the digging of the bulldozer.
(f) Explain the correctness or incorrectness of the following assertion: every movement on the ground is digging.

The strings: all PjProblems at play.

The math: S₇P₃A₃₂ (force - push) and S₇P₃A₃₁ (force -pull) are the PjProblems of interest.



(a) : operator of bulldozer positions it some distance from the perimeter of the earth space to be dug.
- Bulldozer's blade is pushed into space to be dug
- Bulldozer's blade scoops some earth
- Bulldozer's blade containing scooped earth is raised.
- Bulldozer moves scooped earth to dump-space.
- Bulldozer's blade returns to space being dug.
This completes the digging cycle which is repeated until the digging is completed. The position of the bulldozer around the space being dug may vary.

(b) : - Operator in bulldozer and bulldozer's position - S₇P₁A₁₇ (containership - location)
- Earth space being dug - S₇P₂A₂₁ (identity - physical)
- Bulldozer's blade pushes into earth - S₇P₃A₃₂ (force - push)
- Bulldozer's blade scoops some earth - S₇P₃A₃₁ (force - pull)
- Bulldozer raises scooped earth - S₇P₄A₄₁ (motion - linear)
- Bulldozer moves scooped earth to dump-space - S₇P₄A₄₂ (motion - curvilinear)
- Bulldozer's blade returns to space being dug - S₇P₄A₄₂ then S₇P₄A₄₁
Thus, the digging PjProblemStrings Sequences are : S₇P₁A₁₇S₇P₂A₂₁S₇P₃A₃₂S₇P₃A₃₁S₇P₄A₄₁S₇P₄A₄₂S₇P₄A₄₂S₇P₄A₄₁
Some PjProblem Strings not directly influencing the digging are implied. For example, the equlibrium of the operator and the bulldozer, the grouping/interaction and equilibrium of the earth dumped.

(c): the roots of trees are the diggers. They only push through earth in their search for water and nutrients. They do not pull earth.

(d)Yes. It is a push-digging.

(e)There are several variables in the digging scenario presented.
So, first prerequisute: the variable or variables of interest must be identified.
Second prerequisite: assumptions must be made to reduce the inherent complexities of the model. The assumptions made will depend on the variables of interest.

(f)The assertion every movement on the ground is digging is correct because all movements on the ground exert push-forces. The extent to which the digging impressions are perceived is dependent on the push-force and the compactness of the ground.
In general, all exertions of forces on matter are diggings. The visibility or invisibility of the digging impressions is dependent on the severity of the force and the strength of the material relative to the force.

Blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed. John 20:29

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